Localized temporal variation of Earth's inner-core boundary from high-quality waveform doublets          下载免费PDF全文

Danhua Xin  Xiaodong Song  Tao Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2015,28(3):175-185

The topography of the inner core is crucial to understand its growth process and interaction with the geodynamo. With the accuracy of teleseismic waveform doublets in determining the travel-time shifts between PKPcd and PKPdf inner-core phases, we examined the temporal change of the inner-core boundary sampled by new earthquake doublets that occurred in the Western Pacific and those previously found from the South Sandwich Islands. The receiver stations are those within the distance range of 128°–142° from the hypocenters of the waveform doublets. Our results suggest that temporal changes in PKPcd-PKPdf differential times are very subtle except some isolated regions under central America and Africa. The observations may indicate localized topography of the inner core and/or the inner-core boundary as transient slurry in isolated regions.  相似文献   

Blocky regularization schemes for Full‐Waveform Inversion★     

Antoine Guitton 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(5):870-884

With ill‐posed inverse problems such as Full‐Waveform Inversion, regularization schemes are needed to constrain the solution. Whereas many regularization schemes end up smoothing the model, an undesirable effect with FWI where high‐resolution maps are sought, blocky regularization does not: it identifies and preserves strong velocity contrasts leading to step‐like functions. These models might be needed for imaging with wave‐equation based techniques such as Reverse Time Migration or for reservoir characterization. Enforcing blockiness in the model space amounts to enforcing a sparse representation of discontinuities in the model. Sparseness can be obtained using the ?¹ norm or Cauchy function which are related to long‐tailed probability density functions. Detecting these discontinuities with vertical and horizontal gradient operators helps constraining the model in both directions. Blocky regularization can also help recovering higher wavenumbers that the data used for inversion would allow, thus helping controlling the cost of FWI. While the Cauchy function yields blockier models, both ?¹ and Cauchy attenuate illumination and inversion artifacts.  相似文献   

铁路隧道下穿公路引起的路面沉降规律和控制基准研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱正国  黄松  朱永全 《岩土力学》2012,33(2):558-563

目前,铁路隧道下穿公路引起的施工沉降规律和控制基准研究都是以某具体工程为背景制定的,缺乏统一的控制基准。从公路纵坡、横坡、平整度及工程结构稳定本身的需要出发,通过比较分析,提出了采用平整度要求控制施工路面不均匀沉降;在考虑路基高度、隧道尺寸、埋深、地质和施工方法影响条件下,通过FLAC数值计算软件对单双线铁路隧道下穿公路的数值模拟,分析路面沉降规律,得到了沉降槽宽度系数和最大沉降量的预测模型;结合平整度要求及沉降槽宽度系数预测模型制定了铁路隧道下穿公路引起的路面沉降控制基准。通过大量工程实例来验证了提出的沉降控制基准的合理性,其结果可为铁路隧道下穿其他建筑物引起的地表沉降控制基准的制定提供参考。  相似文献   

利用基于围陷波波形相关的网格搜索法确定昆仑山断裂带结构参数   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姚志祥  王椿镛  楼海 《地球物理学报》2010,53(5):1167-1172

提出了确定断层带结构的一种方法,它利用基于断层带围陷波波形相关的网格搜索法,以定量地确定断层带参数.该方法通过建立一系列由断层带的相关参数构建的断层带结构模型,利用有限差分方法数值模拟每组参数对应的断层带模型所产生的围陷波,并与实际观测围陷波波形进行相关分析,计算由以断层参数为多维网格坐标的相关系数变化趋势,网格搜索其峰值,最终获得最佳的一组参数,并确定断层带的结构.本文对昆仑山断裂带人工激发的围陷波进行分析,利用该方法确定了断裂带宽度和Q值参数.  相似文献   

Inversion of Scholte wave dispersion and waveform modeling for shallow structure of the Ninetyeast Ridge     

Xuan Nhi Nguyen  Torsten Dahm  Ingo Grevemeyer 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(4):543-559

The construction of S-wave velocity models of marine sediments down to hundreds of meters below the seafloor is important in a number of disciplines. One of the most significant trends in marine geophysics is to use interface waves to estimate shallow shear velocities which play an important role in determining the shallow crustal structure. In marine settings, the waves trapped near the fluid–solid interface are called Scholte waves, and this is the subject of the study. In 1998, there were experiments on the Ninetyeast Ridge (Central Indian Ocean) to study the shallow seismic structure at the drilled site. The data were acquired by both ocean bottom seismometer and ocean bottom hydrophone. A new type of seafloor implosion sources has been used in this experiment, which successfully excited fast and high frequency (>500 Hz) body waves and slow, intermediate frequency (<20 Hz) Scholte waves. The fundamental and first higher mode Scholte waves have both been excited by the implosion source. Here, the Scholte waves are investigated with a full waveform modeling and a group velocity inversion approach. Shear wave velocities for the uppermost layers of the region are inferred and results from the different methods are compared. We find that the full waveform modeling is important to understand the intrinsic attenuation of the Scholte waves between 1 and 20 Hz. The modeling shows that the S-wave velocity varies from 195 to 350 m/s in the first 16 m of the uppermost layer. Depths levels of high S-wave impedance contrasts compare well to the layer depth derived from a P-wave analysis as well as from drilling data. As expected, the P- to S-wave velocity ratio is very high in the uppermost 16 m of the seafloor and the Poisson ratio is nearly 0.5. Depth levels of high S-wave impedance contrasts are comparable to the layer depth derived from drilling data.  相似文献   

2006年文安M_w4.9级地震的有限震源波形模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑钊  赵里  陈棋福  周仕勇 《地球物理学报》2009,52(4):976-982

2006年7月4日发生在河北文安的M_w4.9级地震,由于没有地表破裂并缺乏能够精确定位的余震序列,从而在地震发震构造的确定上存在困难.本文利用首都圈地震台网9个台站的Z分量数字波形记录,通过与有限震源模型的理论波形模拟结果比较,能够快速分辨发震断层面及破裂扩展方式,同时对震源运动学参数提供一定约束.结果显示,在文安地震震源机制解的两组共轭节面中,走向110°、倾角65°、滑动角8°的节面更有可能代表真实的发震面;破裂扩展方式为一向西扩展的单侧破裂.这一结果与本区域构造应力研究及块体相对运动方向观测结果一致.本文的工作,为中等震级地震发震构造的快速确定提出了一种简单而有效的方法.  相似文献   

希尔伯特-黄变换在地震资料处理中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘庆敏  杨午阳  李书平  何欣 《地震工程学报》2009,31(3):211-216

希尔伯特-黄变换是最新发展起来的处理非线性非平稳信号的时频分析方法.本文介绍了该方法的基本原理和几个关键技术,以及其优势所在,并将它应用于含随机噪音的地震信号和实际地震资料的分解.分解后的信号能够重构原始信号,重构后在信噪比和分辨率方面有了一定的提高,对地震资料的去噪有重要意义.  相似文献   

2006年12月26日台湾南部滨海Ms7．2级地震破裂过程研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郭志  高星  王卫民 《地球物理学报》2008,51(4)

2006年12月26日12点26分27秒(GMT)台湾南部滨海发生M_s7.2(Harvard CMT)级地震.震中位于台湾南部滨海之南海次板块与菲律宾海板块碰撞引发造山作用生成的海洋增生楔内,这次地震是该区域百年来震级最大的地震.我们利用中国数字地震台网(CSDN)和美国地震学联合研究所(IRIS)提供的上地幔及远场范围宽频带P波垂向记录资料,基于点源和有限断层模型进行波形拟合反演,获得这次地震的震源机制解并给出了震源破裂过程.反演结果表明,本次地震为东倾正断层兼小幅度走滑破裂事件,断层面走向为341.5°,倾角为77.9°,震源深度6 km.所得正断层震源机制解表明,地震可能与板块的拆离(break-off)作用引发的在台湾造山带局部存在伸张作用力有关.  相似文献   

用转换函数方法研究腾冲—临沧地区地壳结构   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

高星  郭志  王卫民  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2008,51(2):451-459

根据流动数字地震台网提供的三分量地震波形记录资料,应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对腾冲－临沧地区30个地震台站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演.反演结果说明,研究区壳幔边界清晰、莫霍界面附近速度跳跃明显,由此得出该区地壳厚度在40 km左右、并具有从南向北增厚趋势.一个普遍的现象是,在腾冲-宝山地块下地壳存在明显的低速带,低速带的厚度在10～20 km间.研究结果进一步表明各台站下方上地幔速度结构复杂.这些结果为探讨青藏高原东南缘下地壳的侧向黏性流动、碰撞板块边界处壳幔物质交换等均提供了重要的地球物理证据,为探讨印-藏汇聚过程中青藏高原东构造结岩石圈变形、高原隆升及其深部动力学有一定理论意义.  相似文献   

华北克拉通东北部的远震S波走时层析成像研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡刚  滕吉文  何正勤  丁志峰 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1703-1712

华北克拉通是近年来我国地学界研究的热点之一.本文利用布设在华北东北部地区的华北地震科学台阵所记录的远震波形资料,用波形互相关方法拾取了9105条S波走时残差数据,进而用体波走时层析成像方法反演获得了研究区从地表至600 km深度的S波速度结构.所获得的S波层析成像结果表明,华北克拉通中部块体的山西断陷带低速异常一直从地面延伸至上地幔约300 km深处,推测该低速异常体可能与中、新生代的大同火山群的形成与活动有关.研究发现华北东部存在一高速异常体由东部渤中凹陷的地壳一直向西延伸至太行山山前断裂下方地幔转换带410 km附近,推测该高速异常体可能为太平洋板片向西俯冲在华北克拉通东部块体下方地幔过渡带内的滞留.研究结果显示华北克拉通东部的华北盆地表现为高低速相间分布,表明该地区下方的岩石圈发生了破坏,而位于华北克拉通北缘的燕山造山带显示为高速异常,表明燕山造山带下方的岩石圈没有明显的破坏迹象.  相似文献